Workshop of Bartholome Zeitblom, German, 1455/60–1518/22
Adoration of the Magi

Oil on panel with fabric ground
158.5 x 103.8 cm (62 3/8 x 40 7/8 in.)

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Starr 50.2720

Balthasar - The Black King

Draped in sumptuous white cloth and adorned in Gold, the elegant young magus (king), Balthasar, awaits his presentation of his horned vessel of frankincence to the Christ child. His elongated slender body frames the right hand side of the panel, and the spiritual connection between himself and the Virgin, is emphasised by the perfect diagonal that runs between their two heads.

With the exception of Saint Maurice and the Queen of Sheba, Balthasar is the most positive and important image of the black in Christian iconography, and probably in Western art as a whole.

The concept of the three kings, one for each root race, dates back to the middle ages, where Africa, Asia and Europe were embraced under the Catholic (universal) church. This became an accepted blueprint for representations of the kings, and perhaps may have been used as political propaganda later on.

Balthasar has also been represented by the symbol of the sun in heraldic arms, which defines his presence as an African.

In bringing frankincense, a sweet fragrant homage to the divinity of Christ, Balthasar exhibits the wisdom, dignity and importance of an elite magus - qualities which are always visually represented.