Ideas are shaped and evolve with our changing cultural climate. The questions that we ask of our history and of the present ultimately impact how we see our future selves. This section is about inquiry, discussion and thought, focussed into the essays, interviews, concepts and creative work presented here.

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Academic:

The Difference Between Old and New Social Movements:
Malcolm X & The Nation of Islam

by Terry Heart Solomon


"Purely because of the inter-textual nature of the former and latter, the notion of an ahistorical essence of blackness, is rendered highly problematic at best, and spurious at worst. Nonetheless, many prominent black intellectuals have adopted such an approach. Zora Neale Hurston rejected the notion that the Jubilee singers’ work authentically reflected the experiences of oppression faced by blacks. She viewed their compositions as highly stylised with an inherent preoccupation with formal musical techniques that made them unrepresentative and illegitimate."

Links to Sites:

Race and History
http://www.raceandhistory.com/

Afro- Futurism
http://www.afrofuturism.net/

Taking it Global – Articles by young people on current issues around the world
http://www.takingitglobal.org/panorama/

African Philosophy – Journal
http://www.africanphilosophy.com/afphil/

Proud Flesh: A New Afrikan Journal of Culture, Politics and Consciousness
http://www.proudfleshjournal.com/proudflesh/

West Africa Review
http://www.westafricareview.com/war/index.htm

Images – A Journal of Film and Popular Culture
http://www.imagesjournal.com/index.html

Links to essays online:

Et temahæfte om Afrika
Skriftlig dansk

http://pub.uvm.dk/1999/elskole2/cdrom/pdfrap/stil.pdf

Dutch article on Africa and Images of Black people in European visual culture

Africa is People
Chinua Achebe (presented on the 17th June 1998)

http://www.africaresource.com/scholar/achebe.htm

“Africa Is People has another dimension. Africa believes in people, in cooperation with people. If the philosophical dictum of Descartes—I think, therefore I am—represents a European individualist ideal, the Bantu declaration—umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu (a human is human because of other humans)—represents an African communal aspiration.”

The Africanisation of knowledge
Victor Mecoamere

http://www.afrofuturism.net/text/Manifestos/Sipho.html
"…The African identity of the institution should be located in the treatment of African issues not as a by-product but by moving African issues in the academic, social, political and economical milieu from the periphery to the centre."

Afro-Futurism: A statement of Intentions – Outside in, inside out
Paul Miller

http://www.afrofuturism.net/text/Manifestos/Miller01.html
“…On-line culture is a social and psychological world configured first and foremost by the codes and algorithms of a cybernetic syntax--a system for creating codes that are first and foremost utilitarian, and meant to be used as components in a larger framework. In short--pretty much everything you encounter on-line is part of a structure where identity (as code, as representation of self, etc etc) much like the "real world" is utterly relative and based on a completely variable system of controls.”

The Global African Presence – A collection of essays and history notes online
Runoko Rashidi

http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/runoko.html
“…"That other African" is not the stereotypical African savage so graphically depicted in Hollywood movies, but the African that first peopled the earth, and gave birth to (and significantly influenced) the world's oldest and most magnificent civilisations. This is the African that first entered Asia, Europe, Australia, the islands of the South Pacific and the early Americas, not as slave, but as master, in control of his and her own destiny. We believe that this African, whom many wish to remain invisible, is to be found wherever one truthfully seeks the origins of nations and religions.”

Black Independent Cinema and the Influence of Neo realism – Futility, Struggle and Hope in the Face of Reality
Chris Norton

http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue05/features/black.htm
“…One can see how these filmmakers attempted to renegotiate the black image on screen and ground it firmly in issues of realism, something that the blaxploitation films of the early 1970s sought to remove the spectator from. Simply put, blaxploitation sought to be escapist while the black independent films discussed here sought to document and comment on the reality of black existence in America.”


Art and ‘Art’ in Africa: Conceptual Clarification, Confusion or Colonisation?
Jennifer Wilkinson

http://www.africanphilosophy.com/afphil/vol1.1/wilkinson.html
The story of Africa which gives credence to the belief that there is no real art in Africa is well known. When the Europeans ‘discovered’ Africa they found what seemed to them a strange and static culture producing artefacts, which were made and used for ‘tribal’ purposes. These, being of archeological appeal, were taken as evidence rather than booty to Europe where they were displayed in ethnic museums with elephant tusks and peacock feathers. Later, moved to cultural museums, they were shown and contextualized with beadwork and weapons. However, after Picasso and others had recognized and used the formal qualities of these relics, they found their way into art galleries and exhibitions—although they were still displayed within a social and cultural context and not as autonomous objects of aesthetic creativity.

Plantation Rhymes: Hip Hop as Writing Against the Empire of Neo-Slavery
Quincy Norwood 2002
http://www.proudfleshjournal.com/proudflesh/vol1.1/norwood.html
“In historical Black musical genres such as the spiritual, gospel, blues, soul, jazz, and funk, themes such as coping with the strife of social inequity and the constant presence of racism, political organization, self (re)definition and subversion are commonplace in the music of Black folks. The aforementioned themes have been constants in Black music primarily because people of African descent in the United States have always had to confront the same primary obstacle: a continuum of oppression backed by physical and psychic violence, which has its genesis in slavery.”

Links to Interviews online:

Art is Borderless
Interview with Ery Camara

http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=revue_affiche_article&no=2414&lang=_en
(Click on English at the bottom of the page to translate page)

“ Anthropology opens up a new perception of art for us. Before, we used to say that we couldn't mix art and ethnology or sociology, etc. Now, we've realised that we shouldn't seek art's formality but rather its potential for integrating, or an understanding of the context itself, which makes it possible for this art to take a particular form. I think that today's artist is more of an ethnologist. He talks about his environment, about the restrictions of his surroundings and this is reflected in his work. Today's art is very often politicised one way or another. We therefore have to accept the idea that a person's environment has a very big impact on them.”